[Petya V4sechkin]

Leshiy, обратите внимание, там еще есть ссылка на статью KB817144 (методы 3 и 4).
А также несколько других рецептов в комментариях:

This is what worked for me...download the user agent string utility below: http://www.microsoft.com/downloads/d...displaylang=en Run this and change your string (via the utility) to internet explorer 6 or 7. Then go into internet options and reset web settings.

I found another solution - delete all temporary files AND cookies, then go to https://v4.windowsupdate.microsoft.com/en/default.asp which is the secure website. It asked if it should display non-secure content and I clicked NO. Then it would show the updates available.